Understanding Thyroid Disease: What You Need to Know

Have you been feeling unusually tired, experiencing mood swings, struggling with memory, or noticing unexplained weight changes? These seemingly unrelated symptoms could be signs of a thyroid disorder. Given the vital role of the thyroid gland in regulating metabolism and energy levels, it’s important to recognize these warning signs and seek medical advice early.

The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck. It produces hormones that control many essential functions, including metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature. When the thyroid is not functioning properly, it can lead to either hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid).

Recognizing the Signs and Seeking Diagnosis

Symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, depression, weight gain, and sensitivity to cold, while hyperthyroidism may cause rapid weight loss, anxiety, irritability, and a racing heart. Because these symptoms can mimic other conditions, thyroid disorders often go undiagnosed for years.

Doctors diagnose thyroid disorders through blood tests that measure thyroid hormone levels, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4). Once diagnosed, treatment options vary. Hypothyroidism is typically managed with hormone replacement therapy, while hyperthyroidism may require medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery.

The Growing Concern Over Thyroid Health

Despite affecting an estimated 200 million people worldwide, thyroid disease remains poorly understood by the general public. Experts emphasize the urgent need for awareness, particularly in high-risk groups such as pregnant women and newborns. “Many people are unaware of how thyroid disease can impact their health and well-being,” said Dr. Aurora Macaballug, President of the Philippine College of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (PCEDM), at the recent Thyroid Summit. She highlighted the group’s ongoing collaboration with the Department of Health and other organizations to promote thyroid health advocacy.

Dr. Teofilo San Luis Jr., National Coordinator of the Iodine Global Network, pointed out that iodine deficiency during pregnancy can affect fetal brain development. “If a mother has goiter during pregnancy, the baby’s intelligence quotient (IQ) may be compromised,” he explained. Ensuring proper iodine intake is a simple yet critical step in preventing developmental delays.

A recent nutrition survey revealed that while 64.9% of Filipino households were aware of iodized salt, only 33.2% were using adequately iodized salt. Experts stress that better public education and policies are needed to improve iodine consumption and prevent thyroid disorders.

Strengthening Advocacy and Community Action

To address these gaps, the PCEDM Thyroid Advocacy Council is spearheading initiatives such as “Goiter Alagaan! Wag Pabayaan” in Capiz during Goiter Awareness Week. This campaign includes medical forums and educational talks to raise awareness about thyroid health.

Dr. Erick Mendozka, President of the Philippine Thyroid Association, emphasized five key strategies in the fight against thyroid disease: partnership, profiling, policymaking, promotion, and maintaining a proactive mindset. “We still have a long way to go, but with collaboration, data collection, government support, and continued awareness efforts, we can make a difference,” he said.

Thyroid health is crucial for overall well-being. Understanding the symptoms, seeking timely diagnosis, and supporting advocacy efforts can help improve the lives of those affected by thyroid disorders.